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Day 1 Wednesday, 11th April 2007
ETHANOL DEVELOPMENTS IN ASIA n Production/demand/prices n Economic facts Shashank Inamdar, Managing Director Praj
TYPES AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING BIOFUELS n Biodiesel n Hydrogen n Fischer Tropsch fuels n Methanol and higher alcohols n Biogas (methane) n Butanol
ETHANOL AS A BIOFUEL n Use as liquid fuels in vehicles & modifications needed • As an oxygenate (fuel additive) - E10, E20 • As the primary fuel - E85 • Ethanol-only (Hydrated Ethanol) • Use of 130 - proof (65% ethanol in water) in diesel engines • Ethanol vs gasoline
ETHANOL PRODUCTION Mature technologies n Squeezed sugar (Sugarcane) • Process description - Fermentation, types of processes - Biochemical and biological background - Kinetics and stoichiometry n Starch (Corn) • Process description - Wet milling - Dry milling n Distillation • Alcoholic distillation, description, capacities n Anhydrous ethanol production • Azeotropic, extractive distillation • Molecular Sieves • Energetics: Steam and cooling water usage • Safety: Health and environment • Economics n Yields /Overall process energetics
SUGAR AND SWEET SORGHUM BASED ETHANOL PLANT - AN OPTION FOR ASIA Yash Mankame, Country Vice President - South East Asia, Far East and Australia Praj
Day 2 Thursday, 12th April 2007
CELLULOSIC ETHANOL - THE FUTURE n Potential feedstock & yields - sugarcane bagasse & trash, corn straw (stover), rice straw, wheat straw, rice husks, municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, manure (cattle, poultry, swine), wood chips, switch grass n Characteristics of lignocellulose n Some incentives for implementing cellulosic ethanol • Agricultural waste burning phase out • Lignocellulose yields • Environmental impact of using wastes • Potential ethanol yield from lignocellulosic sources n High-productivity crops (energy cane, Miscanthus hybrids, sweet sorghum, water hyacinth) n Harvesting, transportation and storage strategies (efficiency and economics
ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM LIGNOCELLULOSE i) Gasification followed by Catalysis • Economics/yields • Description of processes ii) Gasification followed by ethanol fermentation (Gaddy process) iii) Lignocellulose hydrolysis processes followed by ethanol fermentation • Acid hydrolysis iv) Lignocellulose hydrolysis followed by Acetic-acid fermentation with downstream Chemical transformation into ethanol (the Zeachem process) • Rationale: Acetic-acid fermentation vs. ethanol fermentation n Mixed-acid fermentation of lignocellulose followed by downstream chemical transformation into ethanol and higher-alcohols (the MixAlco process)
TRANSPORTATION & ETHANOL BLENDING IN THE GASOLINE POOL n Storage tanks n Pipelines and cleanliness n Usage of additives - under what circumstances
SHIPS CLEANLINESS n Impact on quality n Types of ships Richard Taylor SGS Asia Pacific
